Method for joint measuring argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age of extraterrestrial samples

ABSTRACT

A method for joint measuring argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age of an extraterrestrial sample is provided. The method for joint measuring determining argon age and cosmic ray exposure age may include: step A, sample packaging; step B, placing the packaged samples into a neutron reactor for irradiation; and step C, determining Ar isotopes of the packaged samples after being performed with a neutron irradiation and thereby calculating argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age. The method can overcome the defects of the prior art, and achieve high-precision simultaneous determination of the argon-argon age and the cosmic ray exposure age of samples.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to the technical field of extraterrestrial sample detection, particularly to a method for joint measuring argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age of extraterrestrial samples.

BACKGROUND

When the properties of extraterrestrial samples are studied, the determination of argon age and cosmic ray exposure age are common detection items. In the prior art, the above detection items are usually separately detected, involving quite many operation steps and unsatisfactory detection accuracy. Moreover, it is necessary to prepare two samples for separate detections. Because of the heterogeneity of the samples, the argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age determined by the two samples are quite unlikely to explain a geological process at the same time. Because extraterrestrial samples are precious and rare, it is particularly important to get as much information as possible with as few samples as possible.

SUMMARY

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the method for joint measuring argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age of an extraterrestrial sample, which can overcome the defects of the prior art and realize high-precision joint measurement of argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age of samples.

To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows.

Specifically, the invention relates to a method for joint measuring argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age of an extraterrestrial sample, including the following steps:

step A, sample packaging;

step B, placing the packaged samples in a glass tube into a neutron reactor for irradiation; and

step C, determining Ar isotopes of the packaged samples after being performed with a neutron irradiation and thereby calculating argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age.

In an embodiment, in the step A, a sample to be determined is packaged into cylindrical shapes with a diameter of 5 mm (millimeter) with aluminum foils, the packaged samples and a chronology standard sample are placed at intervals in a vertical direction, and then the packaged samples and the chronology standard sample are put into the glass tube.

In an embodiment, in the step B, a potassium salt and a calcium salt are individually packaged into cylindrical shapes with a diameter of 5 mm, and the neutron irradiation is performed on the potassium salt and the calcium salt together with the glass tube containing the packaged samples, and 1-2 cylindrical shapes of potassium salt and 1-2 cylindrical shapes of calcium salt are used during each time of the neutron irradiation.

In an embodiment, in the step C, gas components of the packaged samples after being performed with the neutron irradiation are released by means of laser heating and melting or high temperature furnace heating and melting, and after active gas is removed from the gas components to obtain remaining gas, the remaining gas is subsequently delivered to a rare gas mass spectrometer to determine the Ar isotopes;

where formulas for calculating the argon-argon age are:

${t = {\frac{1}{\lambda}{\ln\left( {1 + {J\frac{\,^{40}{Ar}^{*}}{\,^{39}{Ar}_{K}}}} \right)}}},{{J = {\frac{\,^{39}K}{\,^{40}K}\frac{\lambda}{\lambda_{e} + \lambda_{e}^{\prime}}\Delta{\int{{\varnothing(E)}{\sigma(E)}{dE}}}}};}$

where a formula for calculating the cosmic ray exposure age is:

${{{Exposure}{age}} = {\left( \frac{\,^{38}{Ar}_{\cos}}{\,^{37}{Ar}_{ca}} \right)\left( \frac{\gamma}{\frac{P_{38}}{❘C_{a}❘}} \right)}};$

where t is the argon-argon age, λ is a decay constant, λ_(e) and λ′_(e) are decay constants of two branches decaying from ⁴⁰K to ⁴⁰Ar respectively, ⁴⁰Ar* is a radiogenic factor, ³⁹Ar_(K) is ³⁹Ar produced by the neutron irradiation at ³⁹K, ³⁹K and ⁴⁰K are potassium isotopes respectively, Δ is an irradiation time, Ø(E) is a neutron flux with energy E, σ(E) is a neutron reaction cross section with energy E, Exposure age is the cosmic ray exposure age, ³⁸Ar_(cos) is cosmogenic radionuclide ³⁸Ar, ³⁷Ar_(Ca) is ³⁷Ar produced by Ca during the neutron irradiation in the neutron reactor,

$\frac{P_{38}}{❘C_{a}❘}$ is a yield of ³⁸Ar_(cos) relative to Ca concentration, and γ is an irradiation parameter related to ³⁷Ar_(Ca) and Ca content.

In an embodiment, before the determining Ar isotopes of the packaged samples, a system background is determined according to a same determining flow as that of the packaged samples and the system background is used for background correction, and formulas are used as follows: ⁴⁰Ar=⁴⁰Ar_(m)−⁴⁰Ar_(b) ³⁹Ar=³⁹Ar_(m)−³⁹Ar_(b) ³⁸Ar=³⁸Ar_(m)−³⁸Ar_(b) ³⁷Ar=³⁷Ar_(m)−³⁷Ar_(b) ³⁶Ar=³⁶Ar_(m)−³⁶Ar_(b)

where those with subscript m represent determined values of actual samples, and those with subscript b represent background values.

In an embodiment, a mass discrimination correction factor MDF is corrected based on multiple determinations of standard air according to the following formula that:

${{MDF} = \sqrt{\sqrt{\left( \frac{\,^{40}{Ar}}{\,^{36}{Ar}} \right)_{{actual}{determination}}/\left( \frac{\,^{40}{Ar}}{\,^{36}{Ar}} \right)_{theoretical}}}},$

where (⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar)_(theoretical) is a theoretical value of a ratio of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar in air, and (⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar)_(actual determination) is a ratio of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar obtained after actual determination of air.

In an embodiment, based on ⁴⁰Ar, mass discrimination corrections of others of the Ar isotopes are performed respectively according to difference of mass numbers according to the following formulas that:

$\begin{matrix} {{\,^{39}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{39}{Ar}}\left\{ {\left( \frac{1}{MDF} \right) - 1 + 1} \right\}}} \\ {{\,^{38}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{38}{Ar}}\left\{ {\left( \frac{2}{MDF} \right) - 2 + 1} \right\}}} \\ {{\,^{37}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{37}{Ar}}\left\{ {\left( \frac{3}{MDF} \right) - 3 + 1} \right\}}} \\ {{\,^{36}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{36}{Ar}}\left\{ {\left( \frac{4}{MDF} \right) - 4 + 1} \right\}}} \end{matrix}.$

In an embodiment, decay corrections to ³⁷Ar and ³⁹Ar are performed according to the following formula that:

${{\,^{m}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{m}{Ar}}\left\{ \frac{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}{P_{i}d_{i}}}{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}{P_{i}\left( \frac{1 - {\exp\left( {{- \lambda_{m}}d_{i}} \right)}}{\lambda_{m}{\exp\left( {\lambda_{m}t_{i}} \right)}} \right)}} \right\}}},$

where ^(m)Ar_(corr) is a value of the Ar isotope with mass number m after the mass discrimination correction, m is the mass number, i.e., m=37 or 39, λ_(m) is a decay constant of the Ar isotope with the mass number m, P_(i) is an energy level of the neutron reactor, n is number of irradiation cycles, d is a duration of each the irradiation cycle and has a unit of hour, and t is a time interval between irradiation and determination and has a unit of hour.

In an embodiment, interference factors in a process of the neutron irradiation are corrected, which specifically includes: the Ar isotopes of K salt and Ca salt are determined after being performed with the neutron irradiation and calculated to obtain the correction parameters of K and Ca, including (³⁶Ar/³⁷Ar)_(Ca), (³⁸Ar/³⁹Ar)_(K), (³⁹Ar/³⁷Ar)_(Ca), (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar)_(K), and all of ³⁷Ar are produced by Ca during the process of the neutron irradiation, ³⁷Ar_(corr)=³⁷Ar_(Ca); and formulas are used as follows:

$\left( \frac{\,^{39}{Ar}}{\,^{37}{Ar}} \right)_{Ca} = \frac{{\,^{39}{Ar}_{corr}} - {{\,^{40}{Ar}}/298}}{\,^{37}{Ar}_{corr}}$ $\left( \frac{\,^{39}{Ar}}{\,^{37}{Ar}} \right)_{Ca} = \frac{\,^{39}{Ar}_{corr}}{\,^{37}{Ar}_{corr}}$ $\left( \frac{\,^{40}{Ar}}{\,^{39}{Ar}} \right)_{K} = \frac{{\,^{40}{Ar}} - {{\,^{36}{Ar}_{corr}} \times 298}}{\,^{39}{Ar}_{corr}}$ ${\left( \frac{\,^{38}{Ar}}{\,^{39}{Ar}} \right)_{K} = \frac{\,^{38}{Ar}_{corr}}{\,^{39}{Ar}_{corr}}},$  ³⁶Ar_(corr) =  ³⁶Ar −  ³⁶Ar_(ca) =  ³⁶Ar − ( ³⁶Ar/ ³⁷Ar)_(Ca) *  ³⁷Ar_(Ca) ³⁹Ar_(K) =  ³⁹Ar_(corr) −  ³⁹Ar_(ca) =  ³⁹Ar_(corr) − ( ³⁹Ar/ ³⁷Ar)_(Ca) *  ³⁷Ar_(Ca) ³⁸Ar_(corr) =  ³⁸Ar −  ³⁸Ar_(K) =  ³⁸Ar −  (³⁸Ar/ ³⁹Ar)_(K) *  ³⁹Ar_(K) ⁴⁰Ar_(corr) =  ⁴⁰Ar −  ⁴⁰Ar_(K) =  ⁴⁰Ar − (⁴⁰Ar/ ³⁹Ar)_(K) *  ³⁹Ar_(K).

In an embodiment, cosmogenic radionuclide ³⁸Ar is corrected according to the following formulas that:

${{\,^{38}{Ar}_{\cos}} = {{\,^{38}{Ar}_{corr}} \times {\left\lbrack {1 - \left( \frac{\frac{\,^{36}{Ar}_{corr}}{\,^{38}{Ar}_{corr}}}{\left( \frac{\,^{36}{Ar}}{\,^{38}{Ar}} \right)_{trapped}} \right)} \right\rbrack/\left\lbrack {1 - \frac{\left( \frac{\,^{36}{Ar}}{\,^{38}{Ar}} \right)_{\cos}}{\left( \frac{\,^{36}{Ar}}{\,^{38}{Ar}} \right)_{trapped}}} \right\rbrack}}},$  ³⁸Ar_(trapped) =  ³⁸Ar_(corr) −  ³⁸Ar_(cos)  ³⁶Ar_(cos) =  ³⁸Ar_(cos) × ( ³⁶Ar/ ³⁸Ar)_(cos)  ³⁶Ar_(trapped) =  ³⁸Ar_(trapped) × ( ³⁶Ar/ ³⁸Ar)_(trapped)  ⁴⁰Ar_(trapped) =  ³⁶Ar_(trapped) × ( ⁴⁰Ar/ ³⁶Ar)_(trapped)  ⁴⁰Ar^(*) =  ⁴⁰Ar_(corr) −  ⁴⁰Ar_(trapped),

where ³⁸Ar_(trapped) is an amount of ³⁸Ar in trapped components, (³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar)_(cos) is a ratio of cosmogenic radionuclides ³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar_(trapped) is a ratio of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar in the trapped components, ³⁶Ar_(trapped) is an amount of ³⁶Ar in the trapped components, ⁴⁰Ar_(trapped) is an amount of ⁴⁰Ar in the trapped components, and (³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar)_(trapped) is a ratio of ³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar in the trapped components.

The technical solution has the following beneficial effects: aiming at an extraterrestrial sample after neutron activation, the invention realizes the synchronous determination of the argon-argon age and the cosmic ray exposure age of the same sample by improving the sample processing method and calculation process, and correcting and distinguishing the Ar isotopes from different sources.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Specifically, a method for joint measuring argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age of an extraterrestrial sample may include the following steps:

step A, sample packaging;

step B, placing the packaged samples in a glass tube into a neutron reactor for irradiation; and

step C, determining Ar isotopes of the packaged samples after being performed with a neutron irradiation and thereby calculating argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age.

In the step A, a sample to be determined is packaged into cylindrical shapes with a diameter of 5 millimeters (mm) with aluminum foils, the packaged samples and a chronology standard sample are placed at intervals in a vertical direction, and then the packaged samples and the chronology standard sample are put into the glass tube.

In the step B, a potassium salt (e.g., K₂SO₄) and a calcium salt (e.g., Ca₂F) are individually packaged into cylindrical shapes with a diameter of 5 mm, and the neutron irradiation is performed on the potassium salt and the calcium salt together with the glass tube containing the packaged samples, and 1-2 cylindrical shapes of potassium salt and 1-2 cylindrical shapes of calcium salt are used during each of the neutron irradiation.

In the step C, gas components of the packaged samples after being performed with the neutron irradiation are released by means of laser heating and melting or high temperature furnace heating and melting, and after active gas is removed from the gas components to obtain remaining gas, the remaining gas is subsequently delivered to a rare gas mass spectrometer to determine the Ar isotopes;

where formulas for calculating the argon-argon age are:

${t = {\frac{1}{\lambda}{\ln\left( {1 + {J\frac{\,^{40}{Ar}^{*}}{\,^{39}{Ar}_{K}}}} \right)}}},{{J = {\frac{\,^{39}K}{\,^{40}K}\frac{\lambda}{\lambda_{e} + \lambda_{e}^{\prime}}\Delta{\int{{\varnothing(E)}{\sigma(E)}{dE}}}}};}$

where a formula for calculating the cosmic ray exposure age is:

${{{Exposure}{age}} = {\left( \frac{\,^{38}{Ar}_{\cos}}{\,^{37}{Ar}_{ca}} \right)\left( \frac{\gamma}{\frac{P_{38}}{❘C_{a}❘}} \right)}};$

where t is the argon-argon age, λ is a decay constant, λ_(e) and λ′_(e) are decay constants of two branches decaying from ⁴⁰K to ⁴⁰Ar respectively, ⁴⁰Ar* is a radiogenic factor, ³⁹Ar_(K) is ³⁹Ar produced by neutron irradiation at ³⁹K, ³⁹K and ⁴⁰K are potassium isotopes respectively, Δ is an irradiation time, Ø(E) is a neutron flux with energy E, σ(E) is a neutron reaction cross section with energy E, Exposure age is the cosmic ray exposure age, ³⁸Ar_(cos) is cosmogenic radionuclide ³⁸Ar, ³⁷Ar_(Ca) is ³⁷Ar produced by Ca during the neutron irradiation in the neutron reactor,

$\frac{P_{38}}{❘C_{a}❘}$ is a yield of ³⁸Ar_(cos) relative to Ca concentration, and γ is an irradiation parameter related to ³⁷Ar_(Ca) and Ca content.

In order to further improve the determination accuracy, parameters in the determination process are corrected as follows.

In an illustrated embodiment, before the determining Ar isotopes of the packaged samples, a system background is determined according to a same determining flow as that of the packaged samples which is used for background correction, and formulas are used as follows: ⁴⁰Ar=⁴⁰Ar_(m)−⁴⁰Ar_(b) ³⁹Ar=³⁹Ar_(m)−³⁹Ar_(b) ³⁸Ar=³⁸Ar_(m)−³⁸Ar_(b) ³⁷Ar=³⁷Ar_(m)−³⁷Ar_(b) ³⁶Ar=³⁶Ar_(m)−³⁶Ar_(b)

where those with subscript m represent determined values of actual samples, and those with subscript b represent background values.

In an illustrated embodiment, the mass discrimination correction factor MDF is corrected based on multiple determinations of standard air according to the following formula that:

${{MDF} = \sqrt{\sqrt{{\,^{(\frac{\,^{40}{Ar}}{\,^{36}{Ar}})}{actual}}{{determination}/{\,^{(\frac{\,^{40}{Ar}}{\,^{36}{Ar}})}{theoretical}}}}}},$

where (⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar)_(theoretical) is the theoretical value of the ratio of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar in air, and (⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar)_(actual determination) is the ratio of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar obtained after actual determination of air.

In an illustrated embodiment, based on ⁴⁰Ar, mass discrimination corrections of others of the Ar isotopes are performed respectively according to difference of mass numbers according to the following formulas that:

$\begin{matrix} {{\,^{39}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{39}{Ar}}\left\{ {\left( \frac{1}{MDF} \right) - 1 + 1} \right\}}} \\ {{\,^{38}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{38}{Ar}}\left\{ {\left( \frac{2}{MDF} \right) - 2 + 1} \right\}}} \\ {{\,^{37}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{37}{Ar}}\left\{ {\left( \frac{3}{MDF} \right) - 3 + 1} \right\}}} \\ {{\,^{36}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{36}{Ar}}\left\{ {\left( \frac{4}{MDF} \right) - 4 + 1} \right\}}} \end{matrix}.$

In an illustrated embodiment, decay corrections to ³⁷Ar and ³⁹Ar are performed according to the following formula that:

${{\,^{m}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{m}{Ar}}\left\{ \frac{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}{P_{i}d_{i}}}{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}{P_{i}\left( \frac{1 - {\exp\left( {{- \lambda_{m}}d_{i}} \right)}}{\lambda_{m}{\exp\left( {\lambda_{m}t_{i}} \right)}} \right)}} \right\}}},$

where ^(m)Ar_(corr) is a value of the Ar isotope with mass number m after the mass discrimination correction, m is the mass number, i.e., m=37 or 39, λ_(m) is a decay constant of the Ar isotope with the mass number m, P_(i) is an energy level of the neutron reactor, n is number of irradiation cycles, d is a duration of each the irradiation cycle and has a unit of hour, and t is a time interval between irradiation and determination and has a unit of hour.

In an illustrated embodiment, interference factors in a process of the neutron irradiation are corrected, the Ar isotopes of K salt and Ca salt are determined after being performed with the neutron irradiation and calculated to obtain correction parameters of K and Ca, including (³⁶Ar/³⁷Ar)_(Ca), (³⁸Ar/³⁹Ar)_(K), (³⁹Ar/³⁷Ar)_(Ca), (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar)_(K), and all of ³⁷Ar are produced by Ca during the process of the neutron irradiation, ³⁷Ar_(corr)=³⁷Ar_(ca); and formulas are used as follows:

${\left( \frac{\,^{36}{Ar}}{\,^{37}{Ar}} \right)_{Ca} = \frac{{\,^{36}{Ar}_{corr}} - {{\,^{40}{Ar}}/298}}{\,^{37}{Ar}_{corr}}}{\left( \frac{\,^{39}{Ar}}{\,^{37}{Ar}} \right)_{Ca} = \frac{\,^{39}{Ar}_{corr}}{\,^{37}{Ar}_{corr}}}{\left( \frac{\,^{40}{Ar}}{\,^{39}{Ar}} \right)_{K} = \frac{{\,^{40}{Ar}} - {{\,^{36}{Ar}_{corr}} \times 298}}{\,^{39}{Ar}_{corr}}}{{\left( \frac{\,^{38}{Ar}}{\,^{39}{Ar}} \right)_{K} = \frac{\,^{38}{Ar}_{corr}}{\,^{39}{Ar}_{corr}}},}$  ³⁶Ar_(corr) =  ³⁶Ar −  ³⁶Ar_(ca) =  ³⁶Ar − ( ³⁶Ar/ ³⁷Ar)_(Ca) *  ³⁷Ar_(Ca) ³⁹Ar_(K) =  ³⁹Ar_(corr) −  ³⁹Ar_(ca) =  ³⁹Ar_(corr) − ( ³⁹Ar/ ³⁷Ar)_(Ca) *  ³⁷Ar_(Ca) ³⁸Ar_(corr) =  ³⁸Ar −  ³⁸Ar_(K) =  ³⁸Ar − ( ³⁸Ar/ ³⁹Ar)_(K) *  ³⁹Ar_(K) ⁴⁰Ar_(corr) =  ⁴⁰Ar −  ⁴⁰Ar_(K) =  ⁴⁰Ar − ( ⁴⁰Ar/ ³⁹Ar)_(K) *  ³⁹Ar_(K).

In an illustrated embodiment, cosmogenic radionuclide ³⁸Ar is corrected according to the following formulas that:

${{{\,^{38}{Ar}}\cos} = {{\,^{38}{Ar}}{corr} \times {\left\lbrack {1 - \left( \frac{\frac{{\,^{36}{Ar}}{corr}}{{\,^{38}{Ar}}{corr}}}{\left( \frac{\,^{36}{Ar}}{\,^{38}{Ar}} \right)_{trapped}} \right)} \right\rbrack/\left\lbrack {1 - \frac{\left( \frac{\,^{36}{Ar}}{\,^{38}{Ar}} \right)_{\cos}}{\left( \frac{\,^{36}{Ar}}{\,^{38}{Ar}} \right)_{trapped}}} \right\rbrack}}},$  ³⁸Ar_(trapped) =  ³⁸Ar_(corr) −  ³⁸Ar_(cos) ³⁶Ar_(cos) =  ³⁸Ar_(cos) × ( ³⁶Ar/ ³⁸Ar)_(cos) ³⁶Ar_(trapped) =  ³⁸Ar_(trapped) × ( ³⁶Ar/ ³⁸Ar)_(trapped) ⁴⁰Ar_(trapped) =  ³⁶Ar_(trapped) × ( ⁴⁰Ar/ ³⁶Ar)_(trapped) ⁴⁰Ar^(*) =  ⁴⁰Ar_(corr) −  ⁴⁰Ar_(trapped),

where ³⁸Ar_(trapped) is an amount of ³⁸Ar in trapped components, (³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar)_(cos) is a ratio of cosmogenic radionuclides ³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar_(trapped) is a ratio of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar in the trapped components, ³⁶Ar_(trapped) is an amount of ³⁶Ar in the trapped components, ⁴⁰Ar_(trapped) is an amount of ⁴⁰Ar in the trapped components, and (³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar)_(trapped) is a ratio of ³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar in the trapped components.

In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms “longitudinal”, “transverse”, “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inner” and “outer” etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the invention.

The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the invention and the advantages of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and the above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions only illustrate the principles of the invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, changes and improvements of the invention may be made, all of which shall fall within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention shall be defined by the claims and their equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for joint measuring argon-argon (Ar—Ar) age and cosmic ray exposure age of an extraterrestrial sample, comprising: step A, sample packaging: packaging a sample to be determined into cylindrical shapes with a diameter of 5 millimeters (mm) with aluminum foils to obtain packaged samples, placing the packaged samples and a chronology standard sample at intervals in a vertical direction, and then putting the packaged samples and the chronology standard sample into a glass tube; step B, placing the packaged samples in the glass tube into a neutron reactor for irradiation: packaging a potassium salt and a calcium salt individually into cylindrical shapes with a diameter of 5 mm, and then performing a neutron irradiation on the potassium salt and the calcium salt together with the glass tube containing the packaged samples, wherein 1-2 cylindrical shapes of potassium salt and 1-2 cylindrical shapes of calcium salt are used during each time of the neutron irradiation; and step C, determining Ar isotopes of the packaged samples after being performed with the neutron irradiation and thereby calculating argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age: releasing gas components of the packaged samples after being performed with the neutron irradiation by means of laser heating and melting or high temperature furnace heating and melting, removing active gas from the gas components to obtain remaining gas, and subsequently delivering the remaining gas to a rare gas mass spectrometer to determine the Ar isotopes; wherein formulas for calculating the argon-argon age are: ${t = {\frac{1}{\lambda}{\ln\left( {1 + {J\frac{\,^{40}{Ar}^{*}}{\,^{39}{Ar}_{K}}}} \right)}}},{{J = {\frac{\,^{39}K}{\,^{40}K}\frac{\lambda}{\lambda_{e} + \lambda_{e}^{\prime}}\Delta{\int{{\varnothing(E)}{\sigma(E)}{dE}}}}};}$ wherein a formula for calculating the cosmic ray exposure age is: ${{{Exposure}{age}} = {\left( \frac{\,^{38}{Ar}_{cos}}{\,^{37}{Ar}_{ca}} \right)\left( \frac{\gamma}{\frac{P_{38}}{❘C_{a}❘}} \right)}};$ where t is the argon-argon age, λ is a decay constant, λ_(e) and λ′_(e) are decay constants of two branches decaying from ⁴⁰K to ⁴⁰Ar respectively, ⁴⁰Ar* is a radiogenic factor, ³⁹Ar_(K) is ³⁹Ar produced by the neutron irradiation at ³⁹K, ³⁹K and ⁴⁰K are potassium isotopes respectively, A is an irradiation time, Ø(E) is a neutron flux with energy E, σ(E) is a neutron reaction cross section with energy E, Exposure age is the cosmic ray exposure age, ³⁸Ar_(cos) is cosmogenic radionuclide ³⁸Ar, ³⁷Ar_(Ca) is³⁷Ar produced by Ca during the neutron irradiation in the neutron reactor, $\frac{P_{38}}{❘C_{a}❘}$  is a yield of ³⁸Ar_(cos) relative to Ca concentration, and γ is an irradiation parameter related to ³⁷Ar_(Ca) and Ca content.
 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: before the determining Ar isotopes of the packaged samples, determining a system background according to a same determining flow as that of the packaged samples and using the system background for background correction, wherein formulas are used as follows: ⁴⁰Ar=⁴⁰Ar_(m)−⁴⁰Ar_(b) ³⁹Ar=³⁹Ar_(m)−³⁹Ar_(b) ³⁸Ar=³⁸Ar_(m)−³⁸Ar_(b) ³⁷Ar=³⁷Ar_(m)−³⁷Ar_(b) ³⁶Ar=³⁶Ar_(m)−³⁶Ar_(b) where those with subscript m represent determined values of actual sample, and those with subscript b represent background values.
 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: correcting a mass discrimination correction factor MDF based on multiple determinations of standard air, wherein: ${{MDF} = \sqrt{\sqrt{{\,^{(\frac{\,^{40}{Ar}}{\,^{36}{Ar}})}{actual}}{{determination}/{\,^{(\frac{\,^{40}{Ar}}{\,^{36}{Ar}})}{theoretical}}}}}},$ where (⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar)_(theoretical) is a theoretical value of a ratio of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar in air, and (⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar)_(actual determination) is a ratio of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar obtained after actual determination of air.
 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising: performing mass discrimination corrections of others of the Ar isotopes respectively according to difference of mass numbers based on ⁴⁰Ar, according to the following formulas that: $\begin{matrix} {{\,^{39}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{39}{Ar}}\left\{ {\left( \frac{1}{MDF} \right) - 1 + 1} \right\}}} \\ {{\,^{38}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{38}{Ar}}\left\{ {\left( \frac{2}{MDF} \right) - 2 + 1} \right\}}} \\ {{\,^{37}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{37}{Ar}}\left\{ {\left( \frac{3}{MDF} \right) - 3 + 1} \right\}}} \\ {{\,^{36}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{36}{Ar}}\left\{ {\left( \frac{4}{MDF} \right) - 4 + 1} \right\}}} \end{matrix}.$
 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising: performing decay corrections to ³⁷Ar and ³⁹Ar according to the following formula that: ${{\,^{m}{Ar}_{corr}} = {{\,^{m}{Ar}}\left\{ \frac{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}{P_{i}d_{i}}}{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}{P_{i}\left( \frac{1 - {\exp\left( {{- \lambda_{m}}d_{i}} \right)}}{\lambda_{m}{\exp\left( {\lambda_{m}t_{i}} \right)}} \right)}} \right\}}},$ where ^(m)Ar_(corr) is a value of the Ar isotope with mass number m after the mass discrimination correction, m is the mass number, and m=37 or 39; λ_(m) is a decay constant of the Ar isotope with the mass number m, P_(i) is an energy level of the neutron reactor, n is number of irradiation cycles, d is a duration of each the irradiation cycle and has a unit of hour, and t is a time interval between irradiation and determination and has a unit of hour.
 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising: correcting interference factors in a process of the neutron irradiation, which specifically comprises: determining the Ar isotopes of K salt and Ca salt after being performed with the neutron irradiation and calculating to obtain correction parameters of K and Ca, including (³⁶Ar/³⁷Ar)_(Ca), (³⁸Ar/³⁹Ar)_(K), (³⁹Ar/³⁷Ar)_(Ca), (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar)_(K), wherein all of ³⁷Ar are produced by Ca during the process of the neutron irradiation, ³⁷Ar_(corr)=³⁷Ar_(ca), and formulas are used as follows: ${\left( \frac{\,^{36}{Ar}}{\,^{37}{Ar}} \right)_{Ca} = \frac{{\,^{36}{Ar}_{corr}} - {{\,^{40}{Ar}}/298}}{\,^{37}{Ar}_{corr}}}{\left( \frac{\,^{39}{Ar}}{\,^{37}{Ar}} \right)_{Ca} = \frac{\,^{39}{Ar}_{corr}}{\,^{37}{Ar}_{corr}}}{\left( \frac{\,^{40}{Ar}}{\,^{39}{Ar}} \right)_{K} = \frac{{\,^{40}{Ar}} - {{\,^{36}{Ar}_{corr}} \times 298}}{\,^{39}{Ar}_{corr}}}{{\left( \frac{\,^{38}{Ar}}{\,^{39}{Ar}} \right)_{K} = \frac{\,^{38}{Ar}_{corr}}{\,^{39}{Ar}_{corr}}},}$  ³⁶Ar_(corr) =  ³⁶Ar −  ³⁶Ar_(ca) =  ³⁶Ar − ( ³⁶Ar/ ³⁷Ar)_(Ca) *  ³⁷Ar_(Ca) ³⁹Ar_(K) =  ³⁹Ar_(corr) −  ³⁹Ar_(ca) =  ³⁹Ar_(corr) − ( ³⁹Ar/ ³⁷Ar)_(Ca) *  ³⁷Ar_(Ca) ³⁸Ar_(corr) =  ³⁸Ar −  ³⁸Ar_(K) =  ³⁸Ar − ( ³⁸Ar/ ³⁹Ar)_(K) *  ³⁹Ar_(K) ⁴⁰Ar_(corr) =  ⁴⁰Ar −  ⁴⁰Ar_(K) =  ⁴⁰Ar − ( ⁴⁰Ar/ ³⁹Ar)_(K) *  ³⁹Ar_(K).
 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising: correcting the cosmogenic radionuclide ³⁸Ar according to the following formulas that: ${{{\,^{38}{Ar}}\cos} = {{\,^{38}{Ar}}{corr} \times {\left\lbrack {1 - \left( \frac{\frac{{\,^{36}{Ar}}{corr}}{{\,^{38}{Ar}}{corr}}}{\left( \frac{\,^{36}{Ar}}{\,^{38}{Ar}} \right)_{trapped}} \right)} \right\rbrack/\left\lbrack {1 - \frac{\left( \frac{\,^{36}{Ar}}{\,^{38}{Ar}} \right)_{\cos}}{\left( \frac{\,^{36}{Ar}}{\,^{38}{Ar}} \right)_{trapped}}} \right\rbrack}}},$  ³⁸Ar_(trapped) =  ³⁸Ar_(corr) −  ³⁸Ar_(cos) ³⁶Ar_(cos) =  ³⁸Ar_(cos) × ( ³⁶Ar/ ³⁸Ar)_(cos) ³⁶Ar_(trapped) =  ³⁸Ar_(trapped) × ( ³⁶Ar/ ³⁸Ar)_(trapped) ⁴⁰Ar_(trapped) =  ³⁶Ar_(trapped) × ( ⁴⁰Ar/ ³⁶Ar)_(trapped) ⁴⁰Ar^(*) =  ⁴⁰Ar_(corr) −  ⁴⁰Ar_(trapped), where ³⁸Ar_(trapped) is an amount of ³⁸Ar in trapped components, (³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar)cos is a ratio of cosmogenic radionuclides ³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar_(trapped) is a ratio of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar in the trapped components, ³⁶Ar_(trapped) is an amount of ³⁶Ar in the trapped components, ⁴⁰Ar_(trapped) is an amount of ⁴⁰Ar in the trapped components, and (³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar)_(trapped) is a ratio of ³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar in the trapped components. 